Comparisons to Alternatives
   
View Design Considerations | Typical Tensile Strengths    
P/M vs. Machining
Machining is a low-volume, high-cost method of manufacturing. Although machining can produce shapes not achievable by P/M, such as undercuts, cross-holes, sharp radii and threads, its competitiveness is limited to lower volumes. Scrap can be a significant cost factor. Wakefield consultants generally recommend near net shape parts plus secondary machining for such requirements as undercuts and cross-holes. As such, customers save on scrap and achieve higher volumes at greater cost efficiency.
   
P/M vs. Fine Blanking
Fine blanking produces parts with good dimensional control, repeatability and surface condition, but shape geometry is limited by the thickness of the starting stock. Fine blanking's dieroll and edge taper is not a factor with P/M. Mechanical properties are increased through fine blanking, but chemical and physical properties remain unchanged. Scrap is a cost factor.
   
P/M vs. Stamping
Stamping is suited for simple configurations in high volume, but complex parts require extensive tooling or the assembly of multiple stampings. Stamping is confined to uniformly thick parts. Diebreak and burr may create adverse edge conditions. Scrap is a cost factor.
   
P/M vs. Forging
Forging produces strong, fully dense parts, but due to looser tolerances and limitations on material flow, may require substantial machining to achieve the finished configuration. Physical and chemical properties are determined by starting stock. Scrap may be a cost factor.
   
P/M vs. Sand Casting
Sand casting is economical at low-to-moderate production rates. It does not have tight dimensional control, and usually requires finish machining. Ferrous and nonferrous alloys are available for selection. Scrap may be a cost factor.
   
P/M vs. Investment Casting
Investment casting allows design freedom and produces net shape components, but it is not a high-speed operation and unit costs tend to be higher. Surface finish and dimensional control are not as good as P/M.
   
Process Tooing Cost Unit Cost Metal Options Design Freedom Volume Capacity
P/M Average Low Greatest Average Med-high
Machining N/A High High High Low(est)
Fine Blank High Low Average Low-Average High
Stamping High Lowest Average Low Highest
Forging High Average Average Least High
Sand Cast Low Average High Average Low-Med
Investment Cast Average High(est) High Greatest Low-high
Die Cast High Low (least)Alum Zinc/Mag High High
   

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